1. Overview of dental 3D printer technology
(1) Data collection
The collection of three-dimensional data is an important step in model making. In the medical field, with the development of computer tomography and MRI technology, radiological diagnosis has become less traumatic and diagnosis is more accurate, and its high-resolution three-dimensional image data can be obtained within a few seconds, becoming an ideal three-dimensional Means of data acquisition.
(2) Data processing
Import the obtained data into the 3D reconstruction software. Take the CT scan data as an example, import the CT scan DICOM format data into the software to construct the morphological surface and reconstruct the three-dimensional model. The format of saving data is STL format. The data in STL format is the data recognized by the 3D printer, and finally the 3D printer will print the model.
(3) 3D printing
The most prominent advantage of 3D printing technology is that it can directly generate objects of any shape from computer graphics data without machining or molds, thereby greatly shortening the product development cycle, increasing productivity and reducing production costs, thereby realizing customized production.
2.3 Application of D printing technology in the field of dental implantation
What should I do if my tooth is missing? The current main diagnosis and treatment techniques include: "tooth implants" and "tooth implants". "Inlays" is to grind the adjacent teeth with missing teeth. Using this as a base, the dentures are made into braces and fixed here. Because the dentures are "dangling without a base", they will gradually damage the adjacent teeth. "Tooth implants" is the most advanced method of tooth restoration at home and abroad. First, implants with high biocompatibility and physical and mechanical properties are implanted into the alveolar bone of the missing teeth. After 3-6 months of osseointegration In the early stage, the implant and the alveolar bone are firmly combined, and then an "artificial" tooth is connected to the implant.
Although the development of oral implant technology has gradually achieved breakthroughs and applications in core technology, it still requires a few hours of careful work by physicians with high technical level and rich operating experience, diagnosis, anesthesia, implant selection, dental mold perfusion, High-intensity work such as temporary crown design and production, denture modification and assembly. This is the main reason for the "high price and high risk" of dental implants.
The application of 3D printing technology in the field of oral implantation is to integrate oral scanning, oral image processing and three-dimensional printing technology. It adopts technical system integration such as "image digital acquisition and reconstruction, CAD/CAM professional design, standardized 3D printing manufacturing, and standardized implant treatment". In the end, the postoperative results can be seen through the computer before the operation. Just before the operation, the accurate data of the patient’s oral CBCT tomography is input into the specific design software environment, the implant placement position is designed on the three-dimensional basis, and the appropriate selection is made. The implant type is then operated according to the navigation template, and the denture implants and restorations are implanted, and the humanized modification is carried out according to the needs of the patient. It can overcome the problems of 2D scanning image overlap that can easily cause doctors to misjudge, reduce the risk of doctors due to lack of skills and experience, reduce the workload of doctors, improve the "safety" of diagnosis and treatment, and realize "economicalization" under the sharing of digital resources. Diagnosis and treatment.
2.1 Image data collection
Use the impression material to take the patient's oral cavity, after taking the mold, inject the plaster to make a plaster model, and use a three-dimensional scanner to scan the molded plaster model to obtain an image of the tooth surface. At the same time, oral cone CT is used to scan the patient. Obtain a three-dimensional image of the inside of the oral cavity. This image can intuitively see the direction of the mandibular nerve, the structure of the teeth and the alveolar bone.
2.2 Data processing (image reconstruction, CAD/CAM)
Use three-dimensional image processing software to reorganize the external image of the tooth obtained through the impression scan and the internal image of the tooth obtained by the oral CT film to obtain a data image, which contains the internal condition of the tooth and the texture structure of the surface, generally called It is a digital hologram. In the hologram, doctors can select and design implants to draw up surgical plans.
2.3 3D printing
After the design is completed, the computer can automatically design a navigation template. The navigation template, personalized abutment and temporary crown can be printed by a 3D printer, so as to realize immediate planting in one day.
2.4 Currently mature dental 3D printing field
(1) Planting navigation template: The planting navigation template has achieved explosive growth due to the current better aesthetics, cost saving, and CAD/CAM technology advancement, especially with the support of 3D printing technology. The planting navigation template under the 3D technology can accurately capture the position and direction of the implantable body to ensure the excellent progress of the planting. The dental 3D digital system can realize the 3D design integrating implant surgery planning, restoration design, and surgical guide, greatly improving cost-effectiveness, thereby reducing turnaround time and opening up new business opportunities for dentists and technicians.
(2) Tooth model: Thanks to the high-definition camera, 3-axis motion, and brand-new LED technology, dental model scanning not only has extraordinary speed and high accuracy, but also texture scanning can enhance the visibility of surface details and capture colors representing different design details. Marking, adaptive scanning can also assist in achieving the purpose of natural occlusion. Outlook unscanned plaster models may be out of date.
(3) Denture: Use specific CAD software to realize 3D printing design of denture, including tooth base, dental crown, dental bridge, dental crown, dental veneer, dental inlay, etc. The current three-dimensional solutions can already ensure perfect matching, thereby reducing manual intervention and finishing, and realizing efficient, perfect-adhesion denture processing. For complex clinical cases, creating complex inner and outer crown structures can achieve the best effects of space, function and aesthetics.
(4) Orthodontic products: using cost-effective CAD design software for common appliances, 3D printing technology can easily customize all types of appliances, including night-use splints, retainers, personalized band rings, occlusal plates, and expanders. Arch phase, biological regulator, double occlusal board, etc. On the appliance, it can also create customized designs according to different patients, which is more people-oriented, and brings patients a medical experience of innovative technology.
The application of 3D printing technology has enabled the development of oral implant surgery from the traditional purely empirical method to the digital and precise development. Through the application of 3D printing technology, it is possible to optimize and simplify the medical treatment process, refine the professional division of labor, and divide the diagnosis work that originally required high-level dentists into standard equipment and equipment to complete, ensuring accuracy; the original need for high-level and high-skilled dentists The drilling and positioning work carried out is divided into the navigation template, and the drilling is performed under the navigation to ensure safety; the original need for the dentist to perform auxiliary tasks such as denture filling, mold making, grinding and polishing, etc., is divided into design center design and 3D printer manufacturing. Ensure the quality of product manufacturing. The dentist only needs to do a suture operation of the implant, and the rest of the work will be completed by professional equipment and instruments, technicians and assistants. The technical difficulty and technical risk are greatly reduced, and the work efficiency of the dentist is improved.